This article provides a detailed and accurate explanation of the causes, prevention, and treatment of breast cancer
About Breast Cancer
Cancer is a well-known disease. If not diagnosed and treated in time, cancer can lead to death. Cancer can occur in various parts of the body, and among them, breast cancer is one of the most common. Often, this cancer grows in our bodies without our knowledge. The primary reason for this is our lack of awareness about the disease. If this disease is detected in its early stages, we can save many people from its grasp. Let’s discuss about this disease in detail to increase awareness about it.
The general characteristic of almost all types of cancer is the abnormal and uncontrolled growth and division of cells in our bodies. Cancerous cells can spread to other parts of the body, increasing the severity of the disease. Although it predominantly occurs in women, it is not impossible for men to develop it. Although rare, breast cancer in men is usually observed at an older age, whereas women’s risk increases at a younger age.
How Does Breast Cancer Occur?
The breast is made up of fatty, fibrous, and glandular tissues. If the cells within the breast suddenly start growing uncontrollably, this is where cancer originates. This disease can develop in any of the cells within the breast, but it most commonly occurs in the cells involved in milk production (the lining cells of the milk ducts and lobules). This is why women are most affected by this disease. The excessive growth of these cells causes changes in the size or shape of the breast. A lump can be felt within the breast. However, it is important to note that not every lump felt in the breast is cancerous. It could also be a benign tumor. Only a malignant tumor can develop into a serious form of cancer. Malignant breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph vessels, a condition known as metastasis.
Types of Breast Cancer
- Infiltrating (invasive) ductal carcinoma: This is the most common type of breast cancer. It begins in the milk ducts of the breast and gradually spreads to other parts of the breast.
- Ductal carcinoma in situ: Also known as stage 0 or pre-cancerous breast cancer. At this stage, successful treatment can eradicate the disease, but timely diagnosis is crucial for proper treatment.
- Infiltrating (invasive) lobular carcinoma: At least 10% to 15% of breast cancers fall into this category. It originates in the milk-producing cells (lobules) of the breast.
- Lobular carcinoma in situ: This is also a pre-cancerous condition. There is a possibility of it developing into malignant breast cancer. Therefore, women affected by lobular carcinoma are advised to undergo regular mammograms or similar tests.
- Triple negative breast cancer: Approximately 15% are of this type. Diagnosing and successfully treating this type of cancer is particularly challenging.
In addition to these five types, two other types of it can also occur: Inflammatory breast cancer and Paget’s disease of the breast. These primarily affect the skin of the breast.
Awareness and Early Detection
This disease cannot be accurately diagnosed without laboratory tests. However, by being vigilant about certain symptoms, we can stay aware of the possibility of breast cancer at home. The potential symptoms include:
- Swelling in certain areas of the breast.
- Change in the size or shape of the breast.
- The presence of a lump inside the breast.
- Pain in the breast or nipple.
- Redness and dryness of the nipple or breast skin.
- Discharge of white fluid or blood from the breast.
- Swelling under the arm or near the collarbone.
How Quickly Does Breast Cancer Spread?
It can be categorized into 5 stages based on its severity:
It can progress from one stage to another approximately every 180 days or about every 6 months. Therefore, it is essential to regularly examine any changes in the size and structure of the breast. This allows for early detection and the possibility of starting the right treatment.
- Stage 0: At this stage, the cancer cells are not invasive and do not spread to other parts of the breast or body.
- Stage I: At this stage, the cancer cells begin to invade nearby healthy cells.
- Stage II: The lump is usually smaller than 2 centimeters at this stage and can grow up to 5 centimeters.
- Stage III: At this stage, cancer spreads more rapidly. The infection spreads through the lymph vessels, and other organs can also become affected by cancer cells. This is also known as locally advanced breast cancer.
- Stage IV: This is the final stage, where the chances of successful treatment are minimal. During this stage, the cancer may spread to the bones, lungs, liver, and brain, leading to a high likelihood of death.
The rate at which cancer grows may vary from person to person. Factors such as the body’s immunity, diet, and lifestyle influence the growth rate of cancer.
Causes of Breast Cancer
The exact cause of this disease is still unknown in medical science. However, certain factors have been observed to increase the likelihood of developing this type of cancer, such as:
- Age and Gender: Women over the age of 50 have a higher risk of breast cancer.
- Genetics: Family history or genetic factors.
- Regular and excessive smoking and alcohol consumption.
- Excess body fat.
- Exposure to radiation.
- Side effects of hormone therapy.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Medical science has developed advanced methods for diagnosing breast cancer today:
- Mammogram: This method uses X-rays to detect abnormal changes in the breast’s size and structure. It does not cause any damage and can detect cancer at an early stage.
- Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to capture images of the cells inside the breast, highlighting any abnormalities.
- PET Scan: This test uses a special dye to highlight cancer-affected cells. During the scan, these specially dyed cells are easily detected, providing insight into the growth rate of the cancer.
- MRI: This test uses magnetic and radio waves to identify cancer-affected cells.
Preventive Measures for Breast Cancer
Here are some key ways to reduce the risk of breast cancer:
- Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive drinking increases the risk of breast cancer.
- Quit using any tobacco products.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Avoid excess body fat.
- Stay physically active: Engage in regular exercise, yoga, and physical activity.
- Breastfeed your children: Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer.
- Try to limit postmenopausal hormone therapy.
Recommended Diet for Breast Cancer
- Consume plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits.
- Eat a balanced diet.
- Develop the habit of drinking plenty of water throughout the day (at least 3-4 liters).
- Ensure sufficient intake of Vitamin D and calcium.
Although women over the age of 50 are more prone to breast cancer, it can occur at any age. Therefore, regularly observe the symptoms of breast cancer in your body using home methods. If any symptom persists for more than 7 to 10 days, consult a doctor immediately. Increase awareness about breast cancer among your acquaintances.
